Scientific reading materials

Colutron Research Corporation performs research in the areas of Atomic Physics, Atmospheric Physics, and Astrophysics. Below are publications related to research and products developed by Colutron Research Corporation personnel. We also have a growing list of publications by customers who have used Colutron products.

Books:

The Collapsing Universe: Lars Wåhlin, Johnson Publishing Co. Boulder, CO. ISBN 0-933407-00-9 1985.

*Atmospheric Electricity: Lars Wåhlin, Research Studies Press (John Wiley & Sons) , 1989, New York . ISBN 0-471-91202-6

*The Deadbeat Universe, Lars Wåhlin, Colutron Research Corporation, Boulder, CO. 1999.

*These books are available for free download. Click here for details.

Papers:

1) The Electromagnetic Isotope Separator in Pretoria; Nuclear Instruments and Methods 7, 1960, 253.

2) Improvements of The Collector System for a Laboratory Isotope Separator; Nuclear Instruments and Methods 7, 1960, 269.

3) A Particle Identification System; Nuclear Instruments and Methods 14, 1962, 281.

4) Magnetstabiliserder vir Beta-spectrograf; Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskappe 2 1962?

5) An Electrical Delay Circuit; Nuclear Instruments and Methods 15,1962, 315.

6) The Colutron, a Zero Deflection Isotope Separator; Nuclear Instruments and Methods 27,1964, 55.

7) The Colutron Mark II, a Velocity Filter Isotope Separator; Nuclear Instruments and Methods 38, 1965, 133.

8) High Conductivity p-type CdS; Applied Physics Letters 12, 1968, 339.

9) The University of Colorado Ion Implanter; IEEE 10th Symposium on Electron, Ion, and Laser Beams, L. Marton ed. San Francisco Press Inc. 1970, 189.

10) High Intensity, Low Energy Spread Ion Source for Chemical Accelerators; Review of Scientific Instruments 40, 1969, 102.

11) A Possible Origin of Atmospheric Electricity; Foundation of Physics 3, 1973, 459.

12) Atmospheric Electricity and Thunderstorms; Electrochemical Society meeting Toronto 1975, 371.

13) Electrochemical Charging in the Atmosphere; Electrical Processes in the Atmosphere, Dolezalek and Reiter ed. Dietrich Stenkopff Verlag, Darmstadt, 1977, 384.

14) Static Electrification in the Atmosphere by the Electrolytic Process; Institute of Physics Series London 48 1979, 309.

15) The Relationship Between G and h in a closed Universe; Astrophysics and Space Science 74 1981, 157.

16) Black-Body Temperature of a Closed Universe; Astrophysics and Space Science 76, 1981 259.

17) Electrochemical Charging in the Atmosphere Measured by a Gerdien Cylinder; Journal of Electrostatics, 16, (1985) 379-386. Elsevier Publishing Co.

18) A probe for real-time images of particle beams and their analyses in a merged-beams apparatus, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 61, 1990, 3372.

19) The Structure of Fair weather Electricity, Proceedings 9th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity St. Petersburg, Russia, 1992.

20) The Elements of Fairweather Electricity, Proceedings 9th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, St. Petersburg, Russia, 1992.

21) Mach’s Principle vs. Einstein’s Relativity, Galileian Electrodynamics. July/August 1993.

22) Elements of Fair Weather Electricity, Journal of Geophysical Research 99 No D5, 10767, May 20, 1994.

Publications by Customers

  • J. D. Mcdougall et al., Sprague Electric Co., An Ion Implantation System which employs a Velocity Filter for Mass Separation., abstract #169,ECS extended abstracts, (1968).
  • I. V. Goldenfeld et al., SSR Academy of Sciences (U.S.S.R), Analysis of Field Ion Energies in a Mass Spectrometer., International Journal of Mass Spect. and Ion Physics, 13, 297 (1974).(Ions:H3O+,NH4+)
  • R. A. Holt et al.,Univ. Western Ontario(Canada), Ion-beam laser fluorescence measurements of Xe+ hyperfine structure. Phys. Rev. A, 15, 2293 (1977).
  • H. H. Brongersma et al.,Phillips Research Lab (Netherlands), “NODUS”-a sensative new istrument for analyzing the composition of surfaces., Rev. Sci. Instrum., 49, 707, (1978).(Ions:He+,Ne+,Ar+)
  • K. L. Clay et al., Univ. Colo., Interlaboratory Reproductibility of Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectral Data, Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, (1982). (Ions:Various Molecular ions).
  • S.D. Walck and J. J. Hren, Univ. Florida, FIM/IAP/TEM Studies of Hydrogen in metals. International Field Emission Symposium., Paris (1984).(Ions: He+, D1+,D2+).
  • Erik Wåhlin, Experiments in Electron Impact Excitation of Positive Ions, PhD. Thesis, University of Colorado (1990). (Ions: C+, H2+)
  • W. A. de Zeeuw et al., FOM Instituut (Netherlands), An electrostatic time-of-flight analyzer for simultaneous energy and mass determination of neutral particles, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 62, 110, (1991).(Ions:H+, H2+).
  • J. M. Jacobs et al., IBM, An achromatic retarding mode for the Menzinger lens system., Rev. Sci. Instrum., 62, 2044 (1991).
  • D. R. Strongin et al., State Univ. New York, Efficient magnetic focusing of low-energy ions (1-5eV) onto solids for use in surface chemistry studies.,Rev. Sci. Instrum., 63, 175 (1992).(IonsAr+,CH3+)
  • K. Sekine et al., Central Research Lab,Japan Aviation Electronics Industry Limited, In-situ STM observation of surfaces irradiated with low energy ion beam. Advanced Materials ’93,IV Laser and Ion Beam Modification of Materials, Trans. Mat. Res. Soc. Jpn., 17 165 (1994)(Ions: C+).
  • I. M. Goldby et al., University of Birmingham, Gas Condensation source for production and deposition of size-selected metal clusters.,Rev. Sci. Instrum., 68, 3327, (1997).(model 600-B, model 200-B).
  • S. G. Hall et al., University of Birmingham, Compact sputter source for deposition of small size-selected clusters., Rec. Sci. Instrum., 68, 3335, (1997).(model 600-B, model BVS-1).
  • P. Nowak, N. S. McIntyre, I. Bello, W. M. Lau, “Addition of a single chemical functional group to a polymer surface with a mass separated low energy ion beam”, Surf. Interface Anal. 23 (1995) 873.
  • I. Bello, W. M. Chang, and W. M. Lau, “Mechanism of cleaning and etching of Si surfaces with low energy ion bombardment”, J. Appl. Phys. 75 (1994) 3092
  • I. Bello, W. M. Chang, W. M. Lau, “Importance of the molecular identity of ion species in reactive ion etching at low energy”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 12 (1994) 1425.
  • W. M. Lau, I. Bello, Q. Sun, S. Bederka, P. Nowak, N. S. McIntyre, D. Hunter, “Addition of a single chemical group to polymer surfaces for biomaterial application”, Proc. of Surfaces in Biomaterial Symp., Scottsdale, Arizona, Sept. 6-9, 1994, pp167-170.
  • L. J. Huang, I. Bello, W. M. Lau, S.-T. Lee, P. A. Stevens, B. D. DeVries, “Synchrotron radiation x-ray absorption of ion bombardment induced defects on diamond (100)”, J. Appl. Phys. 76 (1994) 7483.
  • W. M. Lau, L. Huang, W. H. Chang, I. Bello, T. Abraham M. King, “Nanometer p-n junction formation and characterization”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A12 (1994) 1134.
  • T. Bruce, I. Bello, L. J. Huang, W. M. Lau, M. High, V. Strnad, P. Panchhi, “Interfacial characterization of ion beam deposited a-C films on Ge”, J. Appl. Phys. 76 (1994) 552.
  • T. Bruce, L. J. Huang, I. Bello, W. M. Lau, “Interfacial reactions of ion beam deposited a-C films on ZnS”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A12 (1994) 1487.
  • W. M. Lau, I. Bello, M. Sayer, “Fluorine ion etching of led zirconate-titanate thin films”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 64 (1994) 300.
  • W. M. Lau, L. J. Huang, I. Bello, M.Yiu, S.-T. Lee, Modification of surface band bending of diamond by low energy argon and carbon ion bombardment”, J. Appl. Phys. 75 (1994) 3385.
  • I. Bello, W. M. Chang, W. M. Lau,” Studies of reactive ion etching using Colutron hot filament dc plasma ion source”, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B. 80/81 (1993) 1002.
  • L. R. Williston, I. Bello, W. M. Lau, “X-ray photoelectron-spectroscopic study of the interactions of CF+ ions with gallium arsenide”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A11 (1993) 1242.
  • W. H. Chang, I. Bello, and W. M. Lau, X-ray photoelectron-spectroscopy study of low-energy CF+ ion interactions with silicon, J. Vac. Scie. Technol. A 11 (1993) 1221.
  • W. M. Lau, I. Bello, L. J. Huang, X. Feng, M. Vos, I. V. Mitchell, “Argon incorporation in Si(100) by ion bombardment at 15 -100 eV”, J. Appl. Phys. 74 (1993) 7101.
  • Y. G. Shen, I. Bello, W. M. Lau, “Dissociative scattering of molecular BF+ and BF2+ ions from Au surfaces”, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 73 (1993) 35.
  • I. Bello, W. M. Lau, R. P. W. Lawson, K. K. Foo, “Deposition of InN by low energy modulated indium and nitrogen ion beams”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 10 (1992) 1642.
  • W. M. Lau, I. Bello, L. J. Huang, S.T. Lee, S. Chen, G. Braunstein, “Thin film growth by aggregation of carbon implanted into copper crystal”, Diam. Relat. Mater. 1 (1992) 735.
  • P. F. Meharg, E. A. Ogryzlo, I. Bello, W. M. Lau, “X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of interaction of low energy carbon ions with GaAs and InP”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 10 (1992) 1358.
  • L. J. Huang, I. Bello, Y.G. Shen, W.M. Lau, S.T. Lee, “Characterization of boron nitride thin films”, presented at the Workshop on Widegap Nitride Thin Films, April 13-14, 1992, St. Louis, Missouri.
  • P. F. Meharg, E.A. Ogryzlo, I. Bello, W. M. Lau, “An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of interaction of low energy carbon ions with GaAs”, Surf. Sci. 271 (1992) 468.
  • P. F. Meharg, E. A. Ogryzlo, I. Bello, W. M. Lau, “Low energy carbon ion bombardment on InP and its implications for alkane-based reactive ion etching”, Appl. Phys. 71 (1992) 5623.
  • L. R. Williston, I. Bello, W. M. Lau, “X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of the interaction of fluorine ions with gallium arsenide”, J. Vac. Scie. Technol. A 10 (1992) 1365..
  • W. M. Lau, I. Bello, X. Feng, L. J. Huang, F. Qin, Z. Yao, Z. Ren, S.-T. Lee, “Direct ion beam deposition of carbon films on silicon in the ion energy range 15 – 500 eV”, J. Appl. Phys. 70 (1991) 5623.
  • F. Qin, Z. Yao, Z. Ren, S.-T. Lee, I. Bello, X. Feng, L. J. Huang, W. M. Lau, ” Carbon film deposition on silicon using low energy ion beams”, MRS Sympos. Proc. (Low energy ion beam and plasma modification of materials), Pittsburg, PA, USA, 1991, p307.
  • W. M. Lau, X. Feng, S. Sant, I. Bello, K. K. Foo, R. P. W. Lawson, ” Construction, characterization and applications of a compact mass resolved low energy ion beam system”, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 59/60 (1991) 316.

Last updated: Feb. 2, 2012